Places of Pronunciation For Arabic Letters
The literal meaning of the word Makhraj is the point of exit. In terms of Tajweed the place where an Arabic letter is pronounced from is called ‘Makhraj’. Various Aimmahs have different opinions regarding the number of Makharij. According to Imam Khaleel Bin Ahmed Faraheedi and majority of Aimmah, they are 17 (seventeen).
1- Halqee Makharij:
Halqiyyah Letters: Halqiyyah Letters Say From Throat, Three Parts Of Throat , 1- Top Part , 2 Middle Part , Bottom Part ,
Halqiyyah Letters is 6 Letters , ء،ﻩ ع،ح غ،خ
ء،ﻩ: Pronounced from bottom part of the throat,
ع،ح: Pronounced from middle part of the throat,
غ،خ: Pronounced from top part of the throat,
2-Lisaani Makharij:
Lahawiyyah Letters: Lahawiyyah are Two Letters , ق, ك
ق, : Pronounced from root of the tongue touching the soft part of the palate (top of the mouth)
ك: Pronounced from root of the tongue touching the hard part of the palate (top of the mouth)
Shajariyyah Letters: Shajariyyah Letters are Three Letters, ج،ش،ی
ج،ش،ی : Pronounced from the middle part of the tongue touching the middle part of the palate (top of the mouth)
Haafiyah Letter: Haafiyah Letter is a Letter , ض
ض: Pronounced from the sides of the tongue touching the roots of the upper molars (top back teeth)
Tarafiyyah Letters: Tarafiyyah Letters are Three Letters , ل, ن, ر
ل : Pronounced from the edge of the tongue touching the gums of all the top front teeth
ن : Pronounced from the tip of the tongue touching the gums of the top four front teeth
ر: Pronounced from the edge and the top part of the tongue touching the gums of the top four front teeth
Nit’iyyah Letters: Nit’iyyah Letters are Three Letters, ط،د،ت:
ط،د،ت: Pronounced from the tip of the tongue touching the roots of the top 2 front teeth
Lisawiyyah Letters: Lisawiyyah Letters are three Letters, ظ،ذ،ث
ظ،ذ،ث: Pronounced from the tip of the tongue touching the inner edges of the top 2 front teeth
Safeeriyah Letters: Safeeriyah Letters are three Letters, ص،ز،س
ص،ز،س: Pronounced from the tip of the tongue touching the inner edges of the top 2 and bottom 2 front teeth
Shafawi Makharij
Shafawiyyah Letters: Shafawiyyah Letters are four Letters, ف, ب،م،و
ف: Pronounced from the edges of the 2 upper front teeth touching the inside part of the lower lip
ب: Pronounced from the wet part of both lips,
م: Pronounced from the dry part of both lips,
و: Pronounced by the rounding of both lips